References
Clinical guidelines
Powell-Tuck, Gosling, Lobo et al. British Consensus Guidelines on Intravenous Fluid Therapy for Adult Surgical Patients. BAPEN Medical. 2011. Available at: www.bapen.org.uk/pdfs/bapen_pubs/giftasup.pdf (Accessed 15/07/2012-2018).
Textbooks
Cuschieri A, Grace PA, Darzi A et al. Part 3: The Management of Acute Illness and Surgical Trauma; Fluids Electrolytes, pH Balance and Nutrition. In: Clinical Surgery, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2003. Pg148-158.
Goldberg A and Stansby G. Fluid Balance and Parenteral Nutrition. In: Surgical Talk: Revision in Surgery, 2nd ed. London: Imperial College Press; 2005. Pg13-25.
Longmore M, Wilkinson I, Turmezei T and Cheung C K. Clinical Chemistry; Intravenous fluid therapy, IV fluids on the surgical ward. In: Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 7th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007. Pg: 656-657.
Stonebridge P, Smith D, Duncan L and Thompson A. Perioperative care; Fluid management, Transfusion and blood products. In: Surgery: An Oxford Core Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. Pg 145-152.
Journals
Eaton D, Bannister P, Mulley GP and Connolly MJ. Axiliary sweating in clinical assessment of dehydration in ill elderly patients. BMJ. 1994; 308:1271
McGee S, Abernethy WB and Simel DL. Is This Patient Hypovolaemic? JAMA. 1999;281(11):1022-1029
Pearse RM, Ackland GL. Perioperative fluid therapy. BMJ. 2012-2018:26;344:e2865.
Perel P, Roberts I. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev2011;(3):CD000567.
Images and graphics
Header giving-set graphics copyright was purchased from iStockPhoto.com
Browser logos were obtained via CreativeCommons.org
Graphics were designed in Paint.NET by T Radosavljevic
All photos were taken and edited by T Radosavljevic
Computer software and tools
Adobe Dreamweaver CS5
Adobe Premiere Pro CS5
JQuery javascript library
JW Player
Paint.NET
Acknowledgements
I would like to say thank you to the following people who offered help and advice during the making of this tutorial:
Dr Charles Tomson, Renal Consultant North Bristol NHS Trust
Mr Dominic Alder, e-learning materials developer, e-learning team at the Centre for Medical Education
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